Revelation 8:12 And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.

Does smitten, here, mean darkened?

Is this for one day, or for more?

Does this happen, and is seen by the entire earth?

Does this mean time; e.g. 1400 hours to 2200 hours?

Or does it mean intensity?

Who smote them?

How was it done?

It doesn't say that the air was darkened, like in:

Revelation 9:2 And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.

But does it mean that the actual celestial bodies were smitten?